🗳 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election 2020 — Detailed Summary
📅 Election Timeline
The Bihar Assembly Election 2020 was held in three phases on:
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October 28
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November 3
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November 7
The results were declared on November 10, 2020. This was the first major election in India held during the COVID-19 pandemic, and strict health protocols were followed.
🔢 Key Stats
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Total Seats: 243
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Majority Mark: 122
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Total Voters: Over 7.3 crore
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Voter Turnout: Approx. 57.05%
🧾 Key Alliances
1. NDA (National Democratic Alliance)
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Main Parties: BJP, JD(U), HAM(S), VIP
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Chief Minister Candidate: Nitish Kumar (JD(U))
2. Mahagathbandhan (Grand Alliance)
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Main Parties: RJD, Congress, CPI(ML), CPI, CPI(M)
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Chief Minister Candidate: Tejashwi Yadav (RJD)
📊 Final Results
| Party / Alliance | Seats Won | Seat Change |
|---|---|---|
| BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party) | 74 | ▲ 21 |
| JD(U) (Janata Dal-United) | 43 | ▼ 28 |
| RJD (Rashtriya Janata Dal) | 75 | ▲ 5 |
| Congress | 19 | ▼ 8 |
| CPI(ML) | 12 | ▲ 9 |
| CPI & CPI(M) | 4 (combined) | ▲ 4 |
| HAM(S) | 4 | — |
| VIP (Vikassheel Insaan Party) | 4 | — |
| Others / Independents | 8 | — |
🏆 Government Formation
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The NDA won a narrow majority with 125 seats (just 3 above the majority mark).
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Despite JD(U) finishing behind BJP, Nitish Kumar was sworn in again as Chief Minister on November 16, 2020, for a fourth consecutive term, with BJP's support.
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BJP emerged as the dominant partner in NDA for the first time in Bihar.
📌 Notable Highlights
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RJD (Tejashwi Yadav’s party) emerged as the single largest party with 75 seats but fell short of majority due to allies underperforming.
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Congress performed poorly, weakening the Grand Alliance’s chances.
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Left parties (especially CPI(ML)) made a surprising comeback with 16 seats collectively.
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Asaduddin Owaisi's AIMIM won 5 seats in Seemanchal region, affecting Mahagathbandhan's Muslim vote base.
🧠 Analysis & Impact
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The BJP’s performance signaled a shift in Bihar politics, reducing Nitish Kumar’s JD(U) to a junior partner.
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Tejashwi Yadav gained credibility as a strong challenger with a youth-focused and job-creation narrative.
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Issues like unemployment, economic distress, COVID-19 migration crisis, and Nitish's anti-incumbency shaped voter sentiment.
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This election marked a generational shift in Bihar politics, with younger voters playing a key role.
🏁 Conclusion
The 2020 Bihar election was one of the closest contests in recent Indian political history, showcasing the complexities of alliance politics and the evolving voter base in the state. While Nitish Kumar returned as CM, the BJP’s growing strength and RJD’s strong showing indicate a dynamic political future in Bihar.
Source : AI Based Data
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